Dissertations / Theses: 'Modern Screen' – Grafiati (2025)

Abstract:

Na década de60, Andy Warhol começou a trabalhar com as técnicas da serigrafia. Copiava imagens gráficas e fotográficas e as transferia diretamente para a tela. O artista abandonou os modos mais tradicionais de pintura e passou a trabalhar com a apropriação de imagens reproduzidas em série nos cartazes, fotografias, embalagens e no cinema. O uso destes clichês gráficos causou controvérsia. Uma série de discussões tentava entender a escolha do artista a partir de interlocuções dele com a obra de outros criadores e como uma interpretação de fatos da realidade social. A partir destas análises, este trabalho busca construir uma interpretação alternativa que entenda as razões para a modificação de procedimentos e linguagens na obra de Andy Warhol e o seu impacto na produção do século XX.
Andy Warhol started to work with the silkscreen techniques in the 1960s. Graphic and photographic images were copied and transferred straight onto canvas. The artist abandoned the traditional modes of painting and began working with the appropriation of serialized images from billboards, photos, packages and film. The use of such clichés was controversial. In several discussions, critics tried to understand Warhol\'s choices from his dialogue with other artists and as an interpretation of the facts of social reality. This study attempts to build an alternative interpretation that tries to understand the reasons for the modification of procedures and poetics in the Andy Warhol\'s work and his impact on the 20th century art.

Abstract:

The new building of Olomouc Central Europian Forum is concieved as an extension to the existing building of Olomouc Art Museum. It fills the space of existing vacant lot clining to the existing object from the west. The new building contains new spaces for modern art expositions and also creates enough storage capacity for the new and the existing building. The architectural solution results from the division of historic building estates and from the character of surrounging build-up area. The volume of the building rising from the site is created by five tracts oriented perpendiculary to the street boundary, that are of a simple shape of block with pitched roof. In the central part the tracts are transected by a traversing volume of a galery with glass pitched roof, that provides additional daylight for the central part and connects the new and the existing building. The facade of the new building is created as a doubled construction with the interior screen made of pure double glass and the exterion screen made of milk glass, that transmits enough difuse light into the inner spaces. There is a LED screen stretched in between these two transparent planes, thanks to which the facade glows in the dark with interesting light effects.

Abstract:

This is a study of Japanese folding screens decorated with a variety of cartographic imagery of European origin. The central argument of this work is that Japanese cartographic namban screens made during the period considered in this dissertation can assist us to further understand the marked Christian eschatological character of the pictorial programmes decorating these screens, reflecting European contemporary hopes about the messianic coming of a universal Christian King, and about the Christian future of Japan at the onset of Shogun Tokugawa Hidetada's ban against Christianity (1614). By taking into account the use of folding screens as diplomatic gifts, this research seeks to argue that the hybridity of namban cartographic screens reveals as much about the expectation of Jesuit missionaries towards the evangelization of the Japanese archipelago as they did about how Japanese artists and observers understood European cartographic knowledge within a pre-existing local ritual use of maps and cartography. This dissertation is composed of four chapters. In chapter one I describe the material qualities of folding screens, the architectural environments in which they were displayed, and how the practice of donating folding screens as diplomatic gifts was eventually co-opted by the Jesuit missionaries operating in Japan. Chapter two is a discussion on the organization and the passage of the first Japanese diplomatic mission in Europe and the role that European cartography and geographical allegories played in this event. In chapter three I will examine the dissemination of Christian sacred images in Japan and the establishment of a Jesuit school to train Japanese artists in western-style painting. Chapter four unpacks the discussion developed in the preceding chapters and focuses on two specific pairs of namban cartographic screens - the Map of the World and Twenty-Eight Cities (today at the Imperial Household Agency in Tokyo) and the Battle of Lepanto and World Map (today at the Kosetsu Museum in Kobe) - for which I propose a new interpretation.

Abstract:

Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary cancer of the eye and its prognosis is strongly influenced by the occurrence of metastases, which are both rapidly developing and mostly fatal. The most frequent driver mutations occur in a small number of genes including GNAQ, GNA11, BAP1, CYSLTR2 and SF3B1. Due to a lack of suitable animal models, the mechanism through which mutations in these genes cause or cooperate in UM initiation and progression is still largely unknown. We aimed at generating transgenic strains expressing the human mutant proteins in zebrafish uveal melanocytes, using the kita promoter. We used the binary Gal4/UAS system to express the mutant genes mentioned above. Moreover, we performed xenotransplantation experiments with uveal melanoma human and zebrafish cell lines in optically-clear, immunocompromised, zebrafish larvae. Transplanted fish developed melanoma near the site of transplantation in two weeks and showed metastatic growth within one month of age. This approach could be used for short-term assays in larvae, and be further developed for long-term uveal melanoma studies. In parallel, we performed a chemical screen using a transgenic model previously generated in our laboratory, where oncogenic RAS is expressed under the kita promoter. As adults transgenic kita:RAS develop cutaneous melanoma with high frequency and uveal melanoma with a much lower percentage. Larvae showed an increased number of melanocytes already at 3 days post fertilization (dpf) as the earliest evidence of abnormal melanocyte growth. Using this model we performed a chemical screen based on automated detection of a reduction of melanocytes number caused by any of the 1280 FDA or EMA approved drugs of the Prestwick library. The analysis showed that 55 molecules were able to reduce by 60% or more the number of melanocytes per embryo. We identified clotrimazole, as the best candidate. The molecule is an azole derivative acting on the energetic metabolism of melanoma cells. We further tested two compounds for each of the 5 pharmacological classes, and a farnesyltransferase inhibitor (lonafarnib), that inhibits an essential post-translational modification of HRAS and suppresses the hyperpigmentation phenotype. Combinations of clotrimazole and lonafarnib showed the most promising results in zebrafish embryos, allowing a dose reduction of both drugs. We performed validation of these observations in the metastatic human melanoma cell line A375M, and in normal human epithelial melanocytes (NHEM) as control cells, in order to investigate the mechanism of action of clotrimazole in blocking the proliferation of transformed melanocytes. Viability assay and analysis of energy metabolism in clotrimazole treated cells show that this drug specifically affects melanoma cells in vitro and transformed melanocytes in vivo, having no effects on NHEM or wild type larvae. Similar effects were observed with another hit of the antifungal class, miconazole. Furthermore, we show that the effects of clotrimazole are mediated by the inhibition of hexokinase activity and suggest further testing of clotrimazole in combinatorial treatments. In conclusion, this thesis investigated different possibilities of modeling the rare cancer uveal melanoma in zebrafish, using both transgenic and transplantation approaches, and developed a pipeline for a high-throughput, semi-automated chemical screen in a zebrafish melanoma that identified clotrimazole and miconazole as targeting a metabolic vulnerability in melanoma cells.

Abstract:

Fyzikálně přijatelné osvětlení v reálném čase je často dosaženo použitím aproximací. Současné metody často aproximují globální osvětlení v prostoru obrazu s využitím schopností moderních grafických karet. Dva techniky z této kategorie, screen-space ambient occlusion a screen-space directional occlusion jsou popsány detailněji v této práci. Screen-space directional occlusion je zobecněná verze screen-space ambient occlusion s podporou jednoho difúzního odrazu a závislostí na směrové informaci světla. Hlavním cílem projektu bylo experimentování s těmito metodami. Pro uniformní distribuci náhodných vzorek pro obě metody byla použita Halton sekvence. Pro potlačení šumu je použita bilaterální filtrace, která bere do úvahy geometrické vlastnosti scény. Metody jsou dál zrychleny použitím nižších rozlišení pro výpočet. Rekonstrukce výsledků do původní velikosti pro vytvoření konečného obrazu je realizována pomoci joint bilateral upsamplingu. Kromě metod globálního osvětlení byly v práci použity aj metody pro mapování stínů a HDR osvětlení.

Abstract:

Congenital heart defects represent a major burden on medical resources, being the leading cause of infant death in the developed world. An average of 1% of all live births are thought to involve a congenital heart defect. The mouse has long been a key model in the study of mammalian cardiac development, with traditional mouse knockouts leading the way. As next generation sequencing technologies progress, random mutagenesis screens offer a phenotype driven approach to the identification of new genes involved in developmental pathways. A targeted ENU mutagenesis screen for mouse chromosome 11 lead to the isolation of the L11Jus27 line, from which two embryonic lethal mutations were isolated. A combination of meiotic mapping and high throughput sequencing has identified a candidate mutation in the K27 mouse, in the pre-mRNA spliceosome gene, Prpf8, implicated in retinitis pigmentosa. Morphological analysis and ultrasound have identified a midgestation-lethal phenotype, with K27 mice exhibiting a distended heart tube and reversal of cardiac looping. Expression analysis suggests the K27 mouse may represent a Pitx2 independent model of laterality defects. The Embryonic Hydrocephalus and Cardiac defects (EHC) mutation has previously been identified in the nonmuscle myosin gene, Myh10. A combination of histological analysis and protein localisation studies, have been used to identify a specific requirement for Myh10 in the development of the epicardium. Loss of epicardial adhesion leads to a loss of coronary vasculature. Together the L11Jus27mouse lines demonstrate a role for mutagenesis screens in the study of clinically applicable mammalian models.

Abstract:

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A popularização da TV Digital no mundo trouxe consigo melhorias para o telespectador como, imagem e som em alta definição, multiprogramação, mobilidade e acesso à Internet. Este crescimento coincidiu com a popularização dos dispositivos móveis inteligentes, smartphones e tablets, habilitando aos telespectadores à busca e visualização de conteúdos diversos ao mesmo tempo que assiste a esta programação. O uso destes aparelhos móveis enquanto se assiste a TV gerou o conceito de Segunda Tela. No entanto, o conteúdo adquirido nem sempre possui ligação com o programa que está sendo transmitido pela emissora de TV, tornando este tipo de tecnologia um concorrente ou uma alternativa à programação transmitida, dispersando a atenção do telespectador. Um dos grandes desafios é encontrar ferramentas computacionais mais eficientes para a elaboração e implementação de formas de disponibilização de conteúdos complementares ao transmitido pela TV, e ao mesmo tempo torná-las interessantes e atrativas aos olhos dos usuários. Este trabalho propõe um modelo para o desenvolvimento de aplicativos para TV Digital que utiliza informações contextuais da programação da TV, da própria TV e do dispositivo de Segunda Tela para que, de forma automática e simples, seja possível a exibição de conteúdos Web complementar à programação corrente da TV de forma síncrona. Utilizando estruturas de comunicação atualmente em uso pelas emissoras e definidas através de padrões regulamentados, o trabalho desenvolvido propõe uma abordagem plausível de implantação, demonstrando que é possível prover conteúdos complementares Web ao telespectador, de forma simples, automática e síncrona, tornando a experiência de assistir televisão ainda mais rica e completa.
The popularization of digital TV in the world has brought improvements to the viewer as, image and sound in high definition, multiprogramming, mobility and Internet access. This increase coincided with the popularity of smart mobile devices, smartphones and tablets, enabling viewers to search and display various types of content while watching TV. The use of mobile devices while watching TV created the concept of Second Screen. However, the mobile content does not always have connection with the program being broadcast on TV, making this type of technology a competitor or an alternative to broadcast programming, scattering the viewer's attention. A major challenge is to find more efficient computational tools for designing and implementing ways of providing additional content to broadcast on TV, and at the same time make them interesting and attractive in the eyes of users. This paper proposes a model for the development of applications for Digital TV that uses contextual information of TV scheduling and the second screen device. So it may be possible in an automatically and simple way to display web content related to the TV schedule synchronously. Using the current communication structures by broadcasters and defined through regulated standards, the developed work proposes a plausible approach to implementation, demonstrating that it is possible to provide additional web content to viewer, in a simple way, automatic and synchronously, making the experience of watch TV even more rich and full.

Abstract:

Implants such as intramedullary nails or cancellous screws are used to mechanically stabilize fractures in bone. They provide reinforcement to the bone if they find good purchase in cancellous bone. Not all implants hold enough loads for mechanical stability and pull-out or cut-out may happen in some cases. This is linked to the interface between the bone and the implant. Computer modelling techniques are used to investigate both the effects of cut-out in a femur model, and the pull-out forces of cancellous bone screws. The bone geometry was based on CT scanned cancellous bone and converted using Mimics® software. The finite element models were produced in ANSYS®. Simple bone models were used to examine a fractured femur under standard gait loading. These models were continuum models and idealised the screw to bone interface in order to ease computational demand. The models were used to investigate the ideal positions of intramedullary devices lag screws on an anterior-posterior view of the implant location. In accordance with literature, an inferior-central or central-central position was the best position of the lag screw, while a superior-anterior or inferior-anterior position was adverse. The introduction of multi-scale modelling in order to investigate cut-out with a discrete bone model was not achieved. Discrete cancellous bone models were used to examine some of the cancellous screw characteristics, including pitch, inner diameter and proximal half angle, while a cancellous screw was also studied using a model of cancellous bone with a range of bone densities. The calculated reaction force for a pull-out of 0.2mm shows the influence of some parameters. Change in the proximal half angle increased the stiffness and strength by about 15% in line with the experimental findings of others, while apparent density changes of 2.5% increased the forces threefold. A significant reduction in reaction force was observed when a particular screw geometry in lower apparent density bone was modelled and rotated through 180° on a plane. Examination of the geometry of the bone/screw interface shows that in certain positions there is very little cancellous bone to support the implant. This will lead to low strength and is very difficult to predict. The same models were used to examine the effect of increasing bone stiffness adjacent to the implant and the use of a cement layer to augment the screw model. The increasing stiffness concluded that an increase in pull-out stiffness can be achieved, even in low quality bone, while the cement augmentation showed a significant increase in pull-out strength, though it was idealised as bonded to the bone and screw.

Abstract:

L’analyse de tolérances par des ensembles de contraintes repose sur la détermination de l’accumulation de variations géométriques par des sommes et intersections d’ensembles opérandes 6d. Les degrés de liberté des liaisons et les degrés d’invariance des surfaces génèrent des opérandes non-bornés (polyèdres), posant des problèmes de simulation. En 2014, L. Homria proposé une méthode pour résoudre ce problème, consistant à ajouter des limites artificielles(contraintes bouchon) sur les déplacements non-bornés. Même si cette méthode permet la manipulation d’objets bornés (polytopes), les contraintes bouchon augmentent la complexité des simulations. En réponse à cette difficulté, une méthode dérivée est proposée dans cette thèse.Cette méthode consiste à tracer et simplifier les contraintes bouchon au travers des opérations.Puis une seconde stratégie basée sur la décomposition d’un polyèdre en une somme d’un polytope et de lignes droites (associées aux déplacements non-bornés). Cette stratégie consiste à simuler d’une part les sommes de droites, et d’autre part, à déterminer la somme de polytopes dans un sous-espace de dimension inférieur à 6. Ces trois stratégies sont comparées au travers d’une application industrielle. Cela montre que la traçabilité des contraintes bouchons est un aspect fondamental pour contrôler leur propagation et pour réduire le temps de calcul des simulations. Toutefois, cette méthode exige encore de déterminer les limites des déplacements non-bornés. La deuxième méthode, adaptant systématiquement la dimension de l’espace de calcul, elle permet de diminuer davantage le temps de calcul. Ce travail permet d’envisager la mise en oeuvre de cette méthode selon des formulations statistiques avec la prise en compte des défauts de forme des surfaces
The cumulative stack-up of geometric variations in mechanical systems can be modelled summing and intersecting sets of constraints. These constraints derive from tolerance zones or from contact restrictions between parts. The degrees of freedom (DOF) of jointsgenerate unbounded sets (i.e. polyhedra) which are difficult to deal with. L. Homri presented in 2014 a solution based on the setting of fictitious limits (called cap constraints) to each DOFto obtain bounded 6D sets (i.e. polytopes). These additional constraints, however, increase the complexity of the models, and therefore, of the computations. In response to this situation,we defined a derived strategy to control the effects of the propagation of the fictitious limits by tracing and simplifying the generated, new cap constraints. We proposed a second strategy based on the decomposition of polyhedra into the sum of a polytope and a set of straight lines.The strategy consists in isolating the straight lines (associated to the DOF) and summing the polytopes in the smallest sub-space. After solving an industrial case, we concluded that tracing caps constraints during the operations allows reducing the models complexity and,consequently, the computational time; however, it still involves working in 6d even in caseswhere this is not necessary. In contrast, the strategy based on the operands decompositionis more efficient due to the dimension reduction. This study allowed us to conclude that the management of mechanisms’ mobility is a crucial aspect in tolerance simulations. The gain on efficiency resulting from the developed strategies opens up the possibility for doing statistical treatment of tolerances and tolerance synthesis

Abstract:

Tyrpsine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) effectively target progenitors and mature leukaemic cells but prove less effective at eliminating leukaemic stem cells (LSCs) in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). Several reports indicate that the TGFβ superfamily pathway is important for LSC survival and quiescence. We conducted extensive microarray analyses to compare expression patterns in normal haemopoietic stem cells (HSC) and progenitors with CML LSC and progenitor populations in chronic phase (CP), accelerated phase (AP) and blast crisis (BC) CML. The BMP/SMAD pathway and downstream signalling molecules were identified as significantly deregulated in all three phases of CML. The changes observed could potentiate altered autocrine signalling, as BMP2, BMP4 (p<0.05), and ACTIVIN A (p<0.001) were all down regulated, whereas BMP7, BMP10 and TGFβ (p<0.05) were up regulated in CP. This was accompanied by up regulation of BMPRI (p<0.05) and downstream SMADs (p<0.005). Interestingly, as CML progressed, the profile altered, with BC patients showing significant over-expression of ACTIVIN A and its receptor ACVR1C. To further characterise the BMP pathway and identify potential candidate biomarkers within a larger cohort, expression analysis of 42 genes in 60 newly diagnosed CP CML patient samples, enrolled on a phase III clinical trial (www.spirit-cml.org) with greater than 12 months follow-up data on their response to TKI was performed. Analysis revealed that the pathway was highly deregulated, with no clear distinction when patients were stratified into good, intermediate and poor response to treatment. One of the major issues in developing new treatments to target LSCs is the ability to test small molecule inhibitors effectively as it is difficult to obtain sufficient LSCs from primary patient material. Using reprogramming technologies, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from CP CML patients and normal donors. CML- and normal-derived iPSCs were differentiated along the mesodermal axis to generate haemopoietic and endothelial precursors (haemangioblasts). IPSC-derived haemangioblasts exhibited sensitivity to TKI treatment with increased apoptosis and reduction in the phosphorylation of downstream target proteins. 4 Dual inhibition studies were performed using BMP pathway inhibitors in combination with TKI on CML cell lines, primary cells and patient derived iPSCs. Results indicate that they act synergistically to target CML cells both in the presence and absence of BMP4 ligand. Inhibition resulted in decreased proliferation, irreversible cell cycle arrest, increased apoptosis, reduced haemopoietic colony formation, altered gene expression pattern, reduction in self-renewal and a significant reduction in the phosphorylation of downstream target proteins. These changes offer a therapeutic window in CML, with intervention using BMP inhibitors in combination with TKI having the potential to prevent LSC self-renewal and improve outcome for patients. By successfully developing and validating iPSCs for CML drug screening we hope to substantially reduce the reliance on animal models for early preclinical drug screening in leukaemia.

Abstract:

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The Second Screen is a technology created to offer the viewer the ability to interact with the content through mobile devices using applications created for this purpose. It is a platform that is already being used in cable television and satellite television, on some channels available in this type of business, pay TV. It is also used in available content through Bluray media and movie theaters. Among the new applications and services of the companies in the field of electronic games, there are applications that allow players to transform smartphones and tablets on a second screen to enhance the overall experience of a player compared to controls and challenges of a game. The purpose of this work is to create an interactive application prototype for Brazilian System of Digital Television - SBTVD in the ISDB-TB standard (Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting Terrestrial Brazil), that provides the second screen technology in mobile viewers. For this, it will be carried out changes in the signal generated by content providers to inclusion of the second screen option and creating the necessary conditions for detection, synchronization and use of this technology by the end user at his residence. To check the operation of the proposal, it was set up a test environment with the necessary components to simulate the complete system.
A segunda tela, ou em inglês, second screen é uma tecnologia criada para oferecer ao telespectador a possibilidade de interagir com o conteúdo por meio de dispositivos móveis, utilizando aplicativos criados para este fim. Trata-se de uma plataforma que já está sendo utilizada na TV a cabo e na TV via satélite, em alguns canais disponibilizados nesta modalidade de negócio, TV por assinatura. É utilizada também em conteúdos disponibilizados através de mídia BluRay e nas salas de cinema. Entre as novas aplicações eserviços das empresas do ramo de jogos eletrônicos, já existem aplicações que permitem aos jogadores transformarem smartphones e tablets em uma segunda tela para melhorar a experiência geral de um jogador em relação aos controles e desafios de um jogo. A proposta deste trabalho é criar um protótipo de aplicação interativa para o Sistema Brasileiro de Televisão Digital - SBTVD no padrão ISDB-TB (Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting Terrestrial Brazil), que permita disponibilizar a tecnologia de segunda tela em dispositivos móveis aos telespectadores. Para isto, serão realizadas alterações no sinal gerado pelos provedores de conteúdo para inclusão da opção de segunda tela e a criação das condições necessárias para detecção, sincronização e utilização desta tecnologia pelo usuário final em sua residência. Para verificar o funcionamento da proposta, foi criado um ambiente de testes com os componentes necessários para simular o sistema completo.

Abstract:

This research introduces a proposed model for predicting tilting angle and limit states of single-fastened cold-formed steel-to-steel shear connections. Predictions are validated through an experimental study considering ply configuration and a single Hex #10 -washer head fastener, centered in a 102 mm by 102 mm three boundary window. The fastener tilting angle is captured using an automated, optical non-contact measurement procedure. The results are used to identify cold-formed steel shear connection deformation as load progresses, including tilting, bearing, and combined tilting bearing at the plies and thread tension, shear and bearing fastener failure. Results shows that fastener tilting plays a kinematic affect for the connection. Fastener tilting is predicted in function of ply thickness and fastener pitch. Local ply bending deformation is reported to be the main deformation of the connection during fastener tilting. While fastener bending and shear failure occurred if the fastener does not tilt.
Master of Science

Abstract:

This study aims to validate a screw joint simulation model used by BAE Systems in LS-DYNA during blast simulations. It is important that the screw joint simulation model is physically correct, since the simulation results can influence major design decisions. The study provides a short overview on the subject of bolts and screws, material deformation and stress and strain in materials, of the finite element method (FEM) and on some specific numerical methods used in this study. BAE Systems started a validation project of the screw joint simulation model in 2015, but it was not finished due to other priorities. In this older project some drop-tower tests measuring the axial force in a screw joint were conducted. These old tests can now serve as validation data for the screw joint simulation model. The screw joint simulation model used by BAE Systems is dependent on a special kind of finite element formulation; a so called beam element. This study provides a finite element analysis on this simulation model, which is implemented through an established industry FEM solver called LS-DYNA. The validation of the screw joint simulation model is done against three drop-tower experiments performed at 900, 1000 and 1100mm drop height respectively. The drop-tower experiments were replicated in LS-DYNA, with a prescribed velocity on the falling parts rather than simulating a free fall and non-elastic impact. A comparison between the simulation model using beam elements, that is used by BAE Systems, and a similar simulation model using solid elements is presented as part of the validation. To make sure that the result of the study is confident, a local mesh convergence study and a study of the mass scaling numerical method in LS-DYNA is also presented. The results show that the screw joint simulation model using beam elements is valid according to the available experimental data. In one of the experiments, where the drop-test was performed twice, an average maximum force on the screw was measured to be 33.5+-4.8 kN. Simulations of the same case, under the same conditions, using beam elements resulted in a maximum force on the screw of 35.4 kN, well within the experimental result range. In the other two drop-tower experiments, the simulated results showed correlation considering the error sources in the simulation model and the statistical spread that is present in the experimental results. The simulation model using beam elements is also similar to the results using solid elements, which also indicates that the beam model is valid. All in all, it is shown that the beam model can be used to produce safe results that either overestimate or place the simulations of the axial force in the screw in the upper spread of the measurements.

Abstract:

A general model is developed describing the performance of positive displacement flowmeters. This model allows to predict the performance of any positive displacement meter if 8 coefficients describing the meter design are known. The logic is that a flowmeter performs at a defined pressure loss for a given speed. This pressure loss times flowrate is then energy balanced against all internal loses. Pressure loss and speed are the reasons for leakage. Rotational speed times the theoretical swept volume is the theoretical flowrate and this flowrate, when combined with leakage flow can be used to calculate the effective or true flowrate. The 8 coefficients describe the influence of the design of a meter on laminar leakage flow, turbulent leakage flow, speed related leakage flow, viscous friction, mechanical friction, constant friction, impulse energy losses and ball bearing friction, respectively. This model was applied to a twin-screw type displacement flowmeter which uses two helical rotors which form separate pockets and allow the flow-rate of the fluid to be measured. Based on the general prediction model it was found that for this type of flowmeter mainly two coefficients are the reasons for deviation from linearity. These are the constant friction power losses KC produced by mechanical sliding and the turbulent leakage flow losses Kt ur . When the values of KC and Ktur are zero then the error against flowrate is constant. A complete model of an actual twin-screw type displacement flowmeter was realised, determining all 8 loss coefficients. In order to do so, tests with a twin-screw type displacement flowmeter have been carried out on the overall meter performance, leakage flow losses and bearing friction. The theoretical work includes the determination of all 8 coefficients based on a study of the rotor geometry of the meter and a calculation of the fluid forces and torques acting on the rotors. The theoretical results of the final performance prediction model were compared with experimental results and show a good accordance. It was found that one optimal circumference clearance value can be determined for every different fluid property and flowrate. The flowmeter performance may be increased by minimising mechanical sliding and turbulent leakage flow losses.

Abstract:

Today’s telecommunication cabinets use Electro Magnetic Compliance (EMC) screens in order to reduce electromagnetic noise that can cause some miss functions in electronic equipment. Many radio base stations (RBSs) use a 90-degree building architecture: the flow inlet is perpendicular to the EMC screen, which creates a complex flow, with a 90-degree air turn, expansions, compressions, perforated plates and PCBs. It is of great interest to study how the EMC screen interacts with the rest of components and analyze the total pressure drop and how much the flow pattern changes due to the placement of the screen. Velocity, pressure and temperature measurements as well as flow pattern visualizations have been carried out to gain good insight into the flow and heat transfer characteristics in a subrack model of an RBS. Furthermore, these measurements have been very useful for validating detailed CFD models and evaluating several turbulence models. Nowadays, industrial competition has caused a substantial decrease in the time-to-market of products. This fact makes the use of compact models in the first stages of the design process of vital importance. Accurate and fast compact models can to a great extent decrease the time for design, and thus for production. Hence, to determine the correlations between the pressure drop and flow pattern on the PCBs as a function of the geometry and the Reynolds number, based on a detailed CFD parametric study, was one objective. Furthermore, the development of a compact model using a porous media approach (using two directional-loss coefficients) has been accomplished. Two correlations of these directional loss coefficients were found as a function of the geometry and Reynolds number.
QC 20100630

Abstract:

In dieser Arbeit wird das Revisionsverhalten kanülierter, fenestrierter Pedikelschraubenevaluiert. Dies erfolgt zum einen anhand von Messungen des Drehmoments bei dem Entfernen von Pedikelschrauben aus osteoporotischen Wirbelkörpern eines Kadermodells.Hierbei werden Werte nicht zementierter und zementierter, kanülierter Pedikelschrauben erhoben, verglichen und ausgewertet. Während der Schraubenexplantation werden etwaig auftretende Rotationsbewegungen des Zements im Wirbelkörper radiografisch detektiert.Darüber hinaus wird das Revisionsverhalten kanülierter, fenestrierter Pedikelschrauben nach Zementaugmentation in vivo anhand monozentrisch, retrospektiv erhobener Patientenbeispiele aus dem klinischen Alltag beurteilt.Im Rahmen der Drehmomentmessungen bei Entfernung der kanülierten, fenestrierten Pedikelschrauben nach vorangeganger Zementierung konnte keine Destruktion des Wirbelkörpers beobachtet werden. Auch in den untersuchten Fallbeispielen des klinischen Alltags konnten die zementaugmentierten Pedikelschrauben komplikationslos entfernt werden.

Abstract:

Résumé : Tout comme l’aéronautique, l’industrie aérospatiale s’est tournée progressivement vers l’emploi des coques à base des matériaux composites. Cette transition a permis d’alléger considérablement les structures aéronautiques et aérospatiales, et par conséquent, a réduit la consommation de carburants ainsi que l’impact écologique des aéronefs et des lanceurs. Toutefois, la loi de masse stipule que cela ne peut être sans conséquence sur la perte par transmission acoustique des panneaux, surtout sur les basses fréquences. Que ce soit pour la conformité aux exigences des normes aéronautiques en terme de niveau de pression acoustique à l’intérieur des cabines ou la protection des charges utiles dans les coiffes des lanceurs, les traitements acoustiques ciblant les basses fréquences s’avèrent un défi d’envergure. En effet, avec des contraintes très strictes de minimum de masse et de volume ajoutés, il est difficile de traiter les problèmes d’absorption acoustique basses-fréquences, avec les traitements phoniques classiques. Afin de tirer avantage des effets résonants pour améliorer l’absorption sur les basses fréquences, ce projet se propose d’étudier l’intégration d’écrans résistifs à très faibles épaisseurs dans les revêtements acoustiques, tout en minimisant le poids. Il a été proposé dans le cadre de la chaire industrielle de recherche en aéroacoustique dont les principaux bailleurs de fonds sont Bombardier aerospace, Pratt & whitney et Bell helicopter. Aussi, des travaux de recherche connexes se sont déroulés en partenariat avec ULA (United Launch Alliance). Ce travail de maîtrise comporte une partie bibliographique qui présente une étude exhaustive des traitements basses-fréquences existants, tout en y portant un regard critique. La partie théorique met particulièrement l’emphase sur les différents modèles de propagation d’onde et les phénomènes de dissipations dans les milieux poreux. Dans cette partie, on dénombre également les différents types d’écrans ainsi que les modèles de propagation correspondants. Des critères permettant une étude comparative objective du point de vue masse/performance ont été proposés. En plus des paramètres non acoustiques, les conditions de montage et d’agencement des couches ont été étudiées avec des simulations numériques appuyées par des mesures expérimentales. Dans l’avant dernier chapitre, un modèle SEA (Statical Energy Analysis) d’une coiffe de lanceur a été construit avec tous ses détails à partir d’un exemple concret. Les simulations se sont terminées avec une étude comparative de la réduction de niveau de pression acoustique dans la coiffe. Le dernier chapitre résume les principaux résultats et conclusions de cette étude.
Abstract : Over the last few decades, the aerospace industry has witnessed a significant emergence of the use of composite shells. The latter are continuously replacing the metallic ones. This transition allowed a significant weight reduction of flying structures. Consequently, it substantially lessened the fuel consumption and mitigated the environmental footprint of aircrafts and space launch vehicles. However, evoking the mass law, this transition clearly cannot be without consequences on the acoustic transmission loss of fuselage panels. Neither can it be on payload fairings, especially over the low frequencies. Whether to meet with the standards and regulations in terms of acoustic pressure levels inside the pressurized cabins or to protect the payloads inside the launchers fairings, acoustic treatments design targeting the low frequencies seems to be a challenging issue. Indeed, with very stringent constraints in terms of added weight and volume, it is difficult to deal with the low frequencies noise and vibration, using passive monolayers. In order to take advantage of the resonant effects in enhancing low frequencies absorption, this work intends to investigate the integration of heavy treatments of very low thicknesses in acoustic coatings while minimizing weight. It was conducted within the frame work of the industrial research chair in aeroacoustics, whose main funders are : Bombardier Aerospace, Pratt & Whitney and Bell Helicopter. Also, other related researches were jointly carried out in partnership with ULA (United Launch Alliance). This master thesis includes a bibliographical section which consists of an overview of the existing low-frequencies solutions while keeping a critical eye on most of them. The following theoretical part focuses on the different models describing wave s’ propagation and dissipation phenomena in porous media. In the same section, we also list the different types of screens and the corresponding propagation models. Criteria for an objective comparative study in terms of weight versus performance were suggested. In addition to non-acoustic parameters, the layout and the mounting conditions of the acoustic packages were also investigated by means of numerical simulations, seconded by experimental measurements. In the penultimate chapter, an SEA detailed model of a launcher fairing was built based on data taken from a concrete example. The simulations ended with a comparative study of the sound pressure level reduction in the inner fairing cavity. The final chapter summarizes the main findings, conclusions and perspectives of this study.

Abstract:

Esse trabalho apresenta um modelo termodinâmico de uma bomba multifásica do tipo duplo parafuso. Para uma dada condição de operação, o modelo calcula a potência consumida, as condições do fluido na descarga e o perfil de pressão ao longo da bomba. Ao invés de simular diretamente o escoamento dentro da bomba, simulou-se os processos que ocorrem dentro das suas câmaras. Para tanto, dividiu-se o processo de bombeamento multifásico em uma seqüência de processos simples, facilitando-se a construção do modelo no simulador de processos Hysys.Process v2.1. Os resultados de potência e temperatura de descarga obtidos com a simulação mostram uma boa concordância com valores experimentais, principalmente para FVG’s baixos. Para FVG’s elevados, o modelo passa a superestimar a potência consumida indicando que as fendas, nesses casos, já não se encontram totalmente preenchidas com líqüido. Dos resultados obtidos para o refluxo, conclui-se que, das equações sugeridas na literatura, aquelas para escoamento turbulento liso são mais adequadas para os números de Reynolds envolvidos. O perfil de pressão e a vazão de refluxo quando o escoamento é multifásico aproxima-se qualitativamente das medições experimentais. Estudou-se a influência de diversos parâmetros na eficiência exergética da bomba. Os resultados mostram que a otimização da eficiência depende das condições de operação da bomba: FVG, tipo de líqüido, diferença de pressão, entre outros.
The goal of this project was to develop a thermodynamic model of a twin-screw multiphase pump. With given operation conditions the model can determine the absorbed power, discharge conditions and the pressure profile along the screw. An alternative approach was suggested to overcome the complex flow problem and the processes inside the pump were simulated instead of direct simulation of the flow. For this purpose, the multiphase pumping process was divided in a sequence of simple processes so the model could be developed in an easier way. The power and temperature values calculated by the model are in good agreement with experimental data, mainly when the gas fraction is low. With higher gas fractions, the model overestimates the absorbed power indicating that screw gaps are not completely filled with liquid anymore. Concerning about the backflow rate, the results show that the equations for turbulent flow in smooth ducts fits better the Reynolds number range in the gaps. The pressure profile and backflow rate for multiphase flow agree qualitatively with experimental results. The influence of several parameters in the exergetic eficiency of the pump were analysed and results show that the efficiency optimization depends on pump operation conditions: gas fraction, liquid type, pressure difference and others.

Abstract:

A força de compressão entre os fragmentos é um importante fator que interfere na consolidação das fraturas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia de cada um dos parafusos sem cabeça de auto compressão com três diâmetros de rosca diferentes, empregados no tratamento das fraturas do escafoide. Utilizando um dispositivo de alumínio acoplado à uma máquina universal de ensaios equipada com uma célula de carga de 50 kgf. Foram utilizados dois blocos de espuma rígida de poliuretana de densidade 0,16 g/cc. Os testes foram realizados com os parafusos HCS da marca Synthes®, com diâmetros de 3,0 mm, 2,4 mm e 1,5 mm. Todos tinham 20 mm de comprimento. Os parafusos foram introduzidos utilizando os princípios da técnica AO, sendo o instrumental fornecido com os parafusos. Foram realizados com os parafusos supracitados fixações com inserção a 90º, 60º, 45º e 30º de inclinação em relação à superfície do bloco. Todos procedimentos foram repetidos por sete vezes, comparando-se os valores obtidos do pico da força de compressão (Força Max), da força de compressão após 20 segundos (Força T1) e da força de compressão após 300 segundos (Força T2). Para as fixações dos parafusos de 3.0 mm e 2.4 mm com 30º de inclinação não houve compressão, devido ao rompimento da superfície do bloco pela rosca da extremidade proximal dos parafusos. A Força Max do parafuso HCS de 3.0 mm foi maior do que a dos parafusos de 2.4 mm em todas as comparações. A relação entre as Força T2/Força T1 foram semelhante em todas as comparações, isto é, não apresentaram diferença estatística, e demostraram que a acomodação dos parafusos não foi relacionada ao diâmetro da rosca dos parafusos. Concluímos que a força de compressão entre os fragmentos foi maior quando o diâmetro da rosca do parafuso também foi maior, independente da posição da inserção em relação à fratura
The interfragmentary compression force is an important factor for fracture healing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of each three different diameters headless compression screw, used for the treatment of scaphoid fractures. It was used an aluminum device coupled to a universal testing machine equipped with a load cell of 50 kgf. Two rigid foam blocks made of polyurethane with density of 0.16 g/cc. The tests were performed with the HCS Synthes® with 20 mm length 3.0 mm, 2.4 mm and 1.5 mm in diameter. The screws were inserted using the AO technique and instrumental provided with screws. They were performed with the above screw with 90º, 60º, 45º and 30º tilt with the block and repeated seven times and comparing the results obtained from the peak compression force (Max Force) to compression force after 20 seconds (T1 Force) and compression force after 300 seconds (T2 force). For the fixations of 3.0 mm and 2.4 mm screws with 30° tilt no compression were reached, as the proximal threads of the screws broke the surface of the block. Max Force for HCS 3.0 mm was higher than the 2.4 mm screws in all comparisons. The relationship T2 Force / T1 Force was similar in all comparisons, showing no statistical difference, proving that the accommodation of the screws is not related to the threads diameter of the screws. It was concluded in this work that there was a reduction of interfragmentary compressive force by reducing the threads diameter of the screws, regardless of the position placed over the fracture surface

Abstract:

Thesis (M.S.)--Worcester Polytechnic Institute.
Keywords: Solid oxide fuel cell; SOFC; cost model; sputtering; tape casting; screen printing; performance model; process yield model. Includes bibliographical references (p. 93).

Abstract:

The number of flights have increased by 80% between 1990 and 2014, and thedemand for air travel continues to increase. Even though the aviation sector contributesto economical and social benefits, it still affects the climate change [1]. A first stepto minimize the environmental impact is to develop more electric aircraft (MEA),where the idea is to maximize the use of electricity and improve the overall energyeffciency [2]. In most of today's aircraft, large mechanical transmission shafts with alot of components are driven by central power units, termed centralized drive systems.By the use of electromechanical actuators (EMAs), a distributed drive systems canbe used instead, which increases functionality, reduces mass, maintenance and energyconsumption, as well as improves manufacturing and assembly [3]. When designing electromechanical actuators, one must take into account a lot ofparameters that affect each other in various ways. It is often a time-consuming job to find the most optimal choice of architecture. Parameters such as temperature, load,lifetime and effciency to mention a few. This master thesis offers a new analytical toolfor EMAs of primary and secondary flight control systems for Saab Avionics Systems.The aim of the analytical tool is to characterize the parts of the system and identifyimportant parameters in order to find the most optimal choice of architecture. Thetool focus on the main mechanical components such as the three-phase synchronouspermanent magnet motor, power-off brake, two-stage planetary gearbox and ball screw.The tool developed in this project generates an initial design of the EMA withoptimized dimensions in order to minimize both mass and energy consumption. Itfunctions by identifying three main groups of parameters: The input parameters: fixed values defined by the customer demands The design parameters: variables that the user can change to find the optimalchoice of architecture The output parameters: resulting values of either performance or dimensions By defining few design parameters for each component, and implementing multidisciplinarydesign optimization (MDO), the analytical tool can find an optimized solution for each specific project in a time-efficient way. The final values of the parameterscharacterize the performance of the EMA.

Abstract:

O monitoramento em campo de fundações em estacas metálicas helicoidais é baseado em correlações empíricas entre a capacidade de carga à tração e o torque medido durante a instalação. Nesta pesquisa é proposto um modelo teórico da relação entre o torque de instalação e a capacidade de carga à tração deste tipo de estaca em areias para ser utilizado como procedimento de controle durante a execução deste tipo de fundação. Para validar esta relação teórica e para avaliar o desempenho desta fundação em solos arenosos, foi realizado um programa experimental dividido em dois grupos: ensaios de campo e ensaios de laboratório. Em campo foram realizadas provas de carga à tração na Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos (EESC) e em Contagem (Minas Gerais). Os ensaios de laboratório foram divididos em três grupos. O primeiro corresponde aos ensaios de modelagem física em centrífuga realizados no Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC) em Nantes, França. O segundo engloba ensaios de cisalhamento direto de interface entre o aço da hélice da estaca e diferentes areias, parte executada no LCPC e parte na EESC. O terceiro grupo refere-se a ensaios de torção de tubos de estacas metálicas helicoidais efetuados na EESC. A partir dos resultados dos ensaios, o modelo teórico proposto nesta tese foi verificado e mostrou-se adequado para estacas metálicas helicoidais profundas com diferentes dimensões e número de hélices instaladas em solos arenosos. Os resultados das provas de carga realizadas em centrífuga e em campo foram examinados por meio dos métodos existentes na literatura para estimativa de capacidade de carga à tração desenvolvidos para este tipo de fundação. Por meio dos resultados obtidos nos ensaios em centrífuga, constatou-se que nas estacas multi-hélices a porcentagem de capacidade de carga relativa à hélice da ponta aumenta de acordo com o diâmetro da hélice e com a densidade da areia. Nos ensaios de torção de fustes de estacas helicoidais observou-se que, para tubos de mesmo diâmetro e espessura, a ruptura se inicia a partir do mesmo valor de momento torçor aplicado, independentemente de conter ou não emenda.
Empirical correlations between installation torque and uplift capacity of helical screw piles are routinely used as a procedure for quality control on site of this type of foundation. In this work, a theoretical model of the relationship between uplift capacity and installation torque of deep helical screw piles in sand was presented to be used as a quality control method for this type of foundation. An experimental program of laboratory and field investigations was carried out in order to validate this theoretical relationship. The field study included uplift tests of full-scale piles installed at the Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos (EESC) and in Contagem (Minas Gerais). The laboratory tests were performed in the Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC/ Nantes) and at the EESC. In the LCPC a program of centrifuge and direct shear interface tests was completed. A set of torsion tests on pile shafts and of direct shear interface tests were carried out at the EESC. The results showed that the theoretical model presented is applicable to different pile dimensions, number of helices, and sand relative density. The methods existing in the literature for estimating uplift capacity of helical screw piles were used to verify the results of uplift capacities measured in field and in centrifuge studies. The results of centrifuge modelling tests demonstrated that the fraction of uplift capacity corresponding to the bottom helix increases with helix diameter and sand density. The torsion tests showed that the failure of the pile shaft begins at the same torque magnitude in experiments on shafts with and without connections.

Abstract:

Background and objectives: The control of anchorage is integral to successful orthodontic treatment. The objective of this research was to undertake three related projects to evaluate methods of increasing anchorage with the aim of adding to orthodontic knowledge and improve methods of treatment delivery. Methods: Two Cochrane systematic reviews were undertaken according to the methods published in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, version 5.1.0. The influence of functional appliances on tooth position and the extraction decision was performed as a retrospective study using participants from a completed multicentre randomized trial. Results: 1- Statistically and clinically significant differences were found between the mean values of distal molar movement when surgical anchorage and conventional anchorage were compared. 2- Statistically significant differences were found between the mean values of distal molar movement and mesial upper incisor movement when intraoral distalising appliances and cervical headgear were compared.3- Fixed and removable functional appliances are equally effective in anchorage preparation. The type of functional appliance and time spent in Phase I treatment influenced the amount of lower incisor proclination. Conclusions: 1- Surgical anchorage is more effective than headgear without the inherent risks and compliance issues. However, intraoral appliances used in adolescence for distalisation of upper molars do not appear to have any advantages over cervical headgear. 2- Functional appliances reduce the anchorage requirements of a case primarily by reduction of the overjet, both fixed and removable functional appliances are equally effective in obtaining this. However, fixed functional appliances result in greater lower incisor proclination than removable functional appliances. 3- The type of functional appliance (removable or fixed) does not influence the extraction decision, however, this is influenced by overall space requirements.

Abstract:

L’objectif de ces travaux est de développer une nouvelle voie de valorisation de différents coproduits agricoles et forestiers. L’étude s’est focalisée sur l’étape de séparation entre les hémicelluloses et les lignines contenues dans des extraits aqueux obtenus par extrusion bi-vis. La technologie bi-vis du fait de sa modularité a été choisie pour évaluer différentes conditions d’extraction. Les essais ont été menés afin de mettre en évidence l’influence des effets mécanique, thermique et chimique sur l’extraction des hémicelluloses à partir des différentes matrices végétales étudiées. Les travaux ont été conduits soit en conditions hydrothermales, eau sous pression et haute température, soit en conditions faiblement alcalines pour extraire des molécules les plus natives possibles. Ceci a permis d’identifier les conditions d’extraction les plus favorables en fonction des caractéristiques de chacune des biomasses. Dans un second temps, les extraits obtenus, contenants des hémicelluloses et des composés phénoliques, ont été purifiés au moyen de méthode de fixation sur résines d’échange d’ions et d’adsorption. Les travaux se sont focalisés sur la compréhension des mécanismes de fixation des molécules avec des solutions modèles contenant un ou plusieurs solutés. La cinétique et les isothermes d’échanges ont été évaluées pour l’acide férulique, l’acide coumarique et la lignine. Les résultats ont ensuite été comparés à ceux obtenus avec les extraits alcalins. Cette étude a permis d’identifier les mécanismes d’échanges qui interviennent lors de la séparation des complexes lignine-polysaccharides
The objective of this work is to validate a new way of valuing various agricultural and forestry coproducts. Study was devoted on the separation of lignin and hemicelluloses contained in extracts obtained by twin-screw extrusion. Twin-screw technology has been chosen to evaluate different extraction conditions. Trial conditions have been adopted in order to highlight the influence of mechanical, thermal and chemical effects on the extraction performances for various plant matrices. Efforts have been made to give priority to mild extraction conditions in the interest of preserving the integrity of the extracted polymers and limiting the environmental impact. Thus hydro-thermal extraction tests without chemical solvents were compared to more conventional alkaline extraction to evaluate their efficiency. This identified the most favorable extraction conditions according to the characteristics of each biomass. The extracts, with hemicelluloses and phenolic compounds, were purified with ion exchange and adsorption resins. Work focused on mechanisms fixations characterization with model solutions conditions containing one or several molecules. Kinetic and isotherm were determined for lignin, coumaric acid and ferulic acid. Then, results were compared to results obtained with the extracts. This study allowed to identify the mechanisms involved in the separation of the lignin-carbohydrates complex

Abstract:

Depuis une vingtaine d'années, des composants électroniques flexibles sont développés. Ces composants étant amenés à se tordre, à s'étirer et à se fléchir au cours de leur utilisation, le développement de composants ayant une bonne fiabilité mécanique est primordial. Ce travail s'est concentré sur les films métalliques d'argent déposés par impression jet d'encre ou sérigraphie sur des substrats de polyimide, servant à l’interconnexion électrique entre composants actifs. Deux mécanismes d’endommagement sont observables dans ces systèmes : la fissuration et le flambement par délaminage.Premièrement, pour caractériser expérimentalement ces deux phénomènes, des tests de traction sont réalisés sous microscope optique, afin de suivre l'évolution des fissures au cours de la déformation et sous interféromètre optique, afin de suivre les cloques de délaminage. Une analyse d'images est réalisée afin d'obtenir l'évolution de l'espacement entre fissures au cours de la déformation. L'existence de deux régimes de fissuration est observée : la fissuration longue et droite pour les films épais et la fissuration courte et en forme de zigzag pour les films minces. Le suivi des profils de cloques permet d'obtenir l'évolution de leur forme au cours de la déformation.Ensuite, afin d'éclairer les observations expérimentales, les phénomènes à l'étude sont modélisés par élément finis. Ainsi l'origine des deux régimes de fissuration est expliquée par un effet géométrique de l'épaisseur du film. Un modèle élastoplastique bidimensionnel de relaxation de contraintes dans le film permet d'obtenir un encadrement de l'espacement entre fissures au cours de la déformation. À partir du suivi des cloques, un modèle tridimensionnel permet de réaliser une identification des paramètres de la zone cohésive à l'interface film/substrat, où une énergie d'adhésion de 2 J.m-2, une contrainte critique de 20 MPa et un paramètre de mixité modale de 0,4 sont déterminés. Ces valeurs sont en accord avec la littérature
Over the past 20 years, new improvements in materials and processes led to the development of printed flexible electronics. Flexible electronics devices subjected to bending, twisting, or stretching during their lifetime, the development of device with high reliability is therefore of great importance for the efficiency of electrical connection. This work investigates the mechanical reliability of inkjet or screen-printed Ag thin films on polyimide substrates dedicated to the electrical interconnection of active components. Expected mechanical failure modes are film cracking and buckling delamination.First of all, in order to characterized the two mechanisms, tensile tests are performed under an optical microscope to follow cracks and under an optical interferometer to follow buckles. In order to obtain crack spacing evolution during deformation, an image processing is realized. Two types of cracks are observed: long and straight cracking for thick films and small and zigzag shape cracking for thin films. The evolution of buckles shape with imposed tensile deformation is characterized.In a second time, in order to understand experimental observations, mechanical failure modes are analysed with finite elements models. The origin of the two types of cracking are explained by a geometrical effect of film thickness. A elastoplastic shear lag bidimensional model gives upper and lower bonds of crack spacing during deformation. A three-dimensional model allows identification of cohesive zone model parameters at film/substrate interface, from experimental buckle shape. An adhesion energy of 2 J.m-2 , a critical strength of 20 MPa and a mode mixity parameter of 0.4 are determined. These values are in good agreement with literature

Abstract:

O design de interação é uma disciplina de design relativamente nova que pode ser compreendida como o design dos aspectos subjetivos e qualitativos de tudo o que é digital e também interativo. Já o esboço é uma prática muito comum nas disciplinas de design e consiste em um tipo de desenho feito à mão no papel para testar alternativas e comunicá-las para outros profissionais. O design de interação traz novos desafios para a prática de esboços, pois além das telas é necessário representar as ações do usuário e as modificações do sistema ao longo do tempo. Um levantamento da situação atual mostra que as técnicas que existem apresentam limitações importantes e que o assunto ainda é pouco explorado. Portanto o objetivo deste trabalho foi procurar aprimorar os esboços no design de interação, com quatro linhas de ação: analisar as especificidades da prática de esboços no design de interação para compreender as oportunidades de melhoria; desenvolver uma técnica, a ActionSketch, para buscar aproveitar estas oportunidades; verificar se a ActionSketch auxilia no processo de fazer esboços no design de interação; analisar o uso da técnica para procurar compreender como auxilia ou não o processo. Para atingir estes objetivos, adotamos o plano de ação descrito a seguir. Realizamos uma extensa revisão da literatura. Desenvolvemos propostas de técnicas e as refinamos através de iterações de exercícios e de entrevistas com profissionais. Apresentamos a ActionSketch em oficinas para grupos de profissionais da área, onde coletamos resultados do uso da técnica para em seguida analisá-los. A versão da técnica utilizada neste trabalho (v0.8) é composta por quatro partes: quadros, cores, símbolos e regras. Os quadros são uma forma para lidar com a questão temporal, as cores buscam separar as ações do usuário e do sistema, os símbolos são notações para deixar o desenho mais ágil e as regras são boas práticas para orientar o uso da técnica. Esta versão foi apresentada para 24 profissionais em quatro oficinas, seguidas de um período de uso continuado de 18 dias em média e fechado com entrevistas individuais para coletar comentários. Para atingir nosso objetivos a análise dos dados foi feita em dois níveis: um nível mais pragmático, para avaliar a adequação da técnica na sua aplicação prática, e um outro nível mais conceitual, onde pudemos investigar os aspectos mais gerais da prática de esboços, com foco no design de interação. De maneira sucinta os resultados obtidos indicam que a ActionSketch: auxilia o processo cognitivo; facilita a comunicação quando ao menos um designer conhece a técnica; pode ser modificada ou aplicada parcialmente; tem um aprendizado inicial rápido, que pode evoluir de maneira modular; é particularmente adequada para detalhes da interação. Em termos práticos a técnica se mostrou suficientemente adequada para uso e apontou possíveis melhorias. Já no aspecto teórico pudemos verificar a importância da representação da interação nos esboços, que trouxe diversos benefícios para o processo. O trabalho também aponta algumas direções futuras, como uma nova versão da ActionSketch e sua divulgação online de maneira modular e colaborativa.
Interaction design is a relatively new discipline which can be understood as the design of the subjective and qualitative aspects of everything that is both digital and interactive. Sketching is a common practice in design and consists of freehand drawings made on paper to test alternatives and communicate them to other professionals. Interaction design brings new challenges to the practice of sketches, because of the need to represent the interaction as well as the visual layout of the interface. A survey of current practices shows significant limitations and that the subject is still little explored. Therefore the aim of this work was to improve sketching in interaction design, with four lines of action: to analyze the specifics of practice in interaction design sketches to understand the opportunities for improvement; to develop a technique, called ActionSketch, to try to take advantage of these opportunities; to verify if ActionSketch improves the process of sketching in interaction design; to analyze the use of the technique to try to identify how it helps or hinders the process. To achieve these objectives, we adopted the following plan of action. We conducted an extensive literature review. We developed proposals of the technique and refined them through iterations of exercises and interviews with professionals. We then presented ActionSketch in workshops for groups of professionals, from where we collected the results. The version of the technique used in this work (v0.8) consists of four parts: frames, colors, symbols and rules. Frames are a way to deal with the question of representing time, the colors try to evidence the user and system actions, symbols are notations to improve the speed of drawing and rules are good practices that guide the use of the technique. This version was presented to 24 professionals in four workshops, followed by a period of continuous use of 18 days on average and closed with individual interviews to gather feedback. To achieve our objective data analysis was done on two levels: a more pragmatic level, to assess the adequacy of the technique in practical application, and another more conceptual level, where we investigate the more general aspects of the practice of sketches, with focus on interaction design. Briefly the results obtained indicate that ActionSketch: assists the cognitive process; facilitates communication when at least one designer knows the technique; may be modified or partially applied; has a smooth learning curve, which can evolve in a modular way; is particularly adequate for details of the interaction. In practical terms the technique seemed adequate enough for use and indicated some points for improvement. In the theoretical aspect we could verify the importance of representing the interaction in sketches, which brought many benefits to the process. The study also points to some interesting future directions, such as a new version of ActionSketch and the creation of a collaborative site for it\'s publication.

Abstract:

As crescentes exigências sobre o desempenho de sistemas de bombeamento multifásico combinadas aos aspectos relacionados com a maior disponibilidade operacional desses sistemas, bem como as futuras condições de funcionamento atingindo pressões perto de 150 bar, destacam a importância de desenvolver modelos matemáticos precisos para prever o comportamento do desempenho nestes equipamentos. Nesta tese foi aperfeiçoado o modelo termo-hidráulico de uma bomba multifásica de tipo duplo parafuso desenvolvido por Nakashima (2005) e foram incluídos os efeitos da abertura gradual da última câmara, recirculação de líquido entre a sucção e descarga, transferência de calor através do liner e expansão térmica. Uma vez fornecidos os dados geométricos da bomba e as suas condições de operação, é possível calcular os parâmetros de desempenho mais importantes, como: eficiência volumétrica, vazão de sucção e refluxo, potência consumida e distribuição de pressão e temperatura. As equações implementadas foram desenvolvidas a partir dos balanços de massa e energia nas câmaras, tendo em conta a geometria da bomba e a variação das fendas durante sua operação. As rotinas e métodos necessários para a sua solução numérica foram implementadas utilizando programação orientada a objetos (C++). Os resultados fornecidos pelo modelo aperfeiçoado foram comparados com dados experimentais da literatura e uma boa concordância foi encontrada na faixa de até 95 % FVG, nos casos estudados, para bombas com e sem tecnologia de recirculação. Devido à complexidade dos fenômenos físicos envolvidos durante a operação da bomba, o impacto de cada um dos efeitos incorporados nos cálculos do modelo foi avaliado e discutido individualmente. Assim, foi demonstrada a grande influencia da recirculação, da abertura gradual da câmara de descarga e da expansão térmica nos cálculos dos parâmetros de operação mais importantes da bomba. Além disso, a transferência de calor pode ser considerada desprezível, já que seu valor é baixo quando comparado com a potência fornecida pela bomba e, portanto, não influencia os balanços de energia que determinam os estados termodinâmicos das câmaras. No entanto, esse efeito é necessário para calcular a distribuição de temperatura da bomba e a expansão térmica nos parafusos e no liner.
The increasing requirements about the performance of multiphase pumping systems combined with those related to a higher operational availability of such systems, as well as future operating conditions with pressure increase at about 150 bar, highlights the importance of developing accurate mathematical models to predict the performance behavior of these equipments. In this thesis it was improved the thermo-hydraulic behavior of a twin screw multiphase pump developed by Nakashima (2005), and were included the effects of the gradual opening of the last chamber, fluid recirculation between suction and discharge of the pump, heat transfer though the liner, thermal expansion and different working fluids (water-air and oil-gas). Giving pump geometry and operational conditions, it is possible to calculate the most important pump parameters performance, such as, volumetric efficiency, suction flow, back-flow, power consumption and pressure and temperature distribution. The model equations were developed based on mass and energy balances in the chambers taking into account the pump geometry and the clearance variation due to operation. Its implementation was made in C++. The results obtained by the new model were compared with experimental data of the bibliography, and a good accuracy was found in it with values till 95% GVF for the studied cases, with and without recirculation technology. Due to the physical phenomenon complexity related with the pump operation, the impact of each effect in the model calculations was evaluated and discussed separately. So, it was demonstrated the importance of the recirculation, the gradual opening of the last chamber and the thermal expansion in the calculation of the most important pump operation parameters. However, the heat transfer can be neglected, because its value is very low when compared with the pump power supply, and therefore, it does not influence the energy balances that determine thermodynamic state in the chambers. However, this effect is necessary to calculate the temperature distribution along the pump and the thermal expansion in the screws and the liner.

Abstract:

This dissertation is a study of the architecture of commodity capital: the display window. Taking as a starting point the work of Henri Lefebvre and Goerg Simmel, this dissertation understands the shop window to be a mode of display, what I define as “the logic of the vitrine,” that has shaped the way the world appears. Tracing a genealogy from the Parisian Arcades to the twentieth-century department store, this project explores the relationships between gender, sexuality, race, and architecture. Feminist critiques of commodity desire and display illuminate how the shop window is as important to our understandings of capitalism as is the commodity. Through feminist, queer, postcolonial, and anti-racist readings of material and commodity culture, this dissertation considers the shop window to be a site of subject formation. This dissertation also examines how designers, artists, and architects have explored the display of the shop window through a series of case studies, including Marina Abramovic’s Role Exchange, Gene Moore’s “drag” in Bonwit Teller’s shop windows, the making of a black mannequin, and Lynn Hershman Leeson’s site-specific installation 25 Windows. This dissertation concludes with a consideration of the architectural role reversals of the shop window and the gallery; the work of Silvia Kolbowski and Elmgreen and Dragset’s Prada Marfa ground this analysis. Artists have disrupted the display of the shop window, transforming the architecture of commodity capital into a space for resistance and critique.

Abstract:

This dissertation investigates the work of Ogata Kōrin (1658–1716), one of the most idiosyncratic artists of Japan’s early modern period. By employing aspects of literature and theater, as well as a focus on Kōrin’s experimentations with the effects of style, materials, and artistic media, I elucidate how his oeuvre is characterized by a continuous strive to test the faculties of painting. Following a chronological approach, the four chapters of the dissertation trace Kōrin’s life and work from his early steps as a painter to the collaboration with his brother Kenzan (1663–1743) during his final years. The chapters are framed by an introduction, a conclusion, and an appendix. The first chapter focusses on Kōrin’s earliest works: two hanging scrolls depicting the medieval poet Sōgi (1421–1502) and Hotei Playing Kemari, as well as a pair of screens entitled Poetic Meanings of the Twelve Months. These works reveal Kōrin’s intellectual indebtedness to late medieval culture and the imperial court. Kōrin’s initial engagement in the arts occurred alongside his first confrontation with medieval ink modes, which laid the foundations for Kōrin’s lifelong understanding of that material. Numerous contemporary sources testify to Kōrin’s passion for the Noh theater. This little-studied, formative period of Kōrin’s life established his aesthetic sensibilities and is thus critical for understanding his art, a connection examined in the second chapter. Kōrin’s perennial engagement with Noh put him in contact with high-level aristocrats, such as the Nijō family, as well as upper-tier clergy at the temples Daigoji and Nishi Honganji. The theater also provides a possible reading of key works by Kōrin, such as his screen painting Irises. The third and fourth chapters explore Kōrin’s diversified dialogue with the material qualities of ink. The third chapter surveys his appropriation of a particular technique, tarashikomi, first championed by Tawaraya Sōtatsu (d. ca. 1640). I propose that Kōrin turned to tarashikomi as he prepared to leave his native Kyoto for Edo, where he was active for around five years. The chapter argues that Kōrin used tarashikomi, a painting method associated with Kyoto culture, to solicit clients in the shogunal capital of Edo. The last chapter is devoted to Kōrin’s collaboration with Kenzan. From the 1710s onward, the brothers created numerous examples of sabi-e, works in iron oxide on square ceramic vessels that emulate the techniques and visuality of paintings in ink. This unprecedented expansion of the boundaries of one medium to envelop another resulted in approximations of traditional ink paintings in ceramics. In the process, Kōrin expanded the paradigm of ink to include an entirely new material component. The appendix includes the first complete English-language translation of the collection of extant Edo-period letters and other documents by and about Kōrin that are contained in the Konishi Archives, held at the Kyoto National Museum, the Osaka Municipal Museum, and various other collections in Japan.

Abstract:

碩士
朝陽科技大學
環境工程與管理系碩士班
92
Vehicle emission is a major source of air pollution in urban areas in Taiwan. Based on the 2002 official data, these registered automobiles emit substantial portion of air pollution, with 21% of HC, 71% of CO, and 44% of NOx, of the total air pollution. Above all, the top 10% gross emitter to contribute over 50% of the total auto emissions. To identify these heavy emission vehicles for inspection and maintenance is an effective method to reduce air pollution. Existing regulation in Taiwan is based on the idle testing data; however, it will waste a lot of time and human resource. Therefore, ROCEPA has devoted large amount of effects to develop remote sensing technology for quick screening of heavy polluters with some success. Moreover, the uncertainty resulted from devices error, it will cause citizen’s complaints. To build the model by remote sensing data and idle data if it can screen gross emitter of air pollution. Then, to put into inspection and maintenance system, it will improve the problem that vehicles are in violation.High emitter profile models have been built in this paper with the genetic algorithm-based logistic regression model and the genetic algorithm-based neural network. These two models will compare with logistic regression and neural network, to find the advantages and disadvantages of each model that offer the best model to screen gross emitter and the other models’ applications. To identify these heavy emission vehicles for inspection and maintenance is an ineffective method to reduce air pollution from previous studies. This study presents that the genetic algorithm-based neural network which use remote sensing data is better than other models. Especially, the target function of the genetic algorithm-based neural network which is has the best predictive ratio to screen gross emitter. Moreover, variables in models by means of scaling will aid genetic algorithm for the global optimization in aspect of the speed of the convergence. Still, the genetic algorithm-based logistic regression model and the genetic algorithm-based neural network both can offer the decision of the remote sensing affairs for ROCEPA. In addition, the result of this study also indicate that it makes models false to screen high emission vehicles when the age of cars are up to between 7 and 10 years. Therefore, this study suggested that vehicles will focus inspection and maintenance system on the age of cars range from 7 and 10 years.Keywords: Remote Sensing, Genetic Algorithms, Logistic Regression, Artificial Neural Work.

Abstract:

Fatty acid deposition in non-adipose tissue leads to a cellular dysfunction known as lipotoxicity. Neutral lipid synthesis is known to protect against lipotoxicity but many additional pathways are likely to be integral in this process. In order to identify pathways protective against lipid induced cell death, we performed a genome-wide unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) sensitivity screen in yeast. Of the ~5,500 gene mutants tested, we identified 156 which resulted in sensitivity to growth on media containing palmitoleate. These genes identified many cellular processes, including vesicular trafficking, lipid metabolism and vacuolar protein sorting. Deletion of three members of the GET complex, a complex essential for tail anchored protein insertion into the ER, caused vulnerability to fatty acids. We went on to assess the role of GET3 in cellular lipid metabolism and found that ablation of GET3 results in a defect in vacuolar hydrolysis and a reduction in lipid droplet number; pathways which we hypothesize to be integrally related. Furthermore, a major goal of this study was to find mammalian genes playing an integral role in pathways of lipoprotection. Of the 156 gene deletions found to confer fatty acid sensitivity in yeast, 68 have been conserved in mammals. We demonstrate that two of these mammalian orthologs, ARV1and ASNA1, are vulnerable to fatty acid treatment upon knockdown in the MIN6 pancreatic beta-cell line. These mammalian genes, which were identified through the fatty acid sensitivity screen in yeast, are involved in lipid induced cellular dysfunction in pancreatic beta-cells and, in the case of ARV1, hepatocytes. Therefore, these genes likely play a role in the progression of the lipotoxic diseases; type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Abstract:

碩士
元智大學
工業工程與管理學系
99
An application of ballistic movement models to compare the elderly’s and youngers’ hand-control capabilities while using a touch screenStudent: Shin-Wen Shih Advisors: Dr. Bernard C. Jiang & Dr. Jui-Feng LinDepartment of Industrial Engineering and ManagementAbstractFollow the evolution of informationization society recently, people have high-frequency to contact with electronic products. In order to supply the factory owner have peoples’ operation capabilities to stand on and use the basis to design in touch screen and to increase the electronic products usability and user satisfaction while the elderly using, this study first validated the applications of the ballistic movement time model and the ballistic movement variability model for measuring the hand-movement capabilities while using a touch screen. After model verifications, the two models were utilized to describe the differences between the elderly and the young while using a touch screen.This study was consisted of two experiments. In the first experiment, the independent variables were three different movement angles of targets and five different movement distances, and the dependent variables were the movement time and the movement variability measured horizontally and vertically on the touch screen. In the second experiment, the independent variables were three different locations of targets arranged in a horizontal line and five different movement distances, and the dependent variables were as same as those measured in the first experiment.The results of the first experiment showed that (1) the movement time increased with the increased movement distance, and it was significantly affected by different movement angle. Further, the elderly need more movement time than the young. (2) the movement endpoint variability (both the horizontal error and vertical error) increased with the increased movement distance. Also, the elderly committed larger magnitude of endpoint variability than the young did. The model verification results in the second experiment showed that (1) both the models predicted well the measured data variances. According to overall participants’ data, the ballistic movement time model predicted 89.1% data variance; the ballistic movement variability model predicted horizontal error and vertical error 97.2% and 87.9% data variance, respectively. (2) However, individual participants’ data could not well predicted by these two models. Two out of 12 participants’ movement time data could not be well predicted by the ballistic movement time model. And half out of 12 participants’ movement endpoint variability data (both the horizontal error and vertical error) could not be well predicted by the ballistic movement variability model.This study verified the applications of the ballistic movement time model and the ballistic variability model while using a touchscreen. And these two models can be utilized to analyze the differences of movement control capacities between the elderly and the young. The reason why the ballistic movement variability model cannot effectively describe individuals’ data might be due to kinesthetic feedback. Since movement targets shown on the touch screen were consistent to participants’ bodies, after repetitive movement executions, participants might remember the position of these targets, diminishing the effects of movement distance. In the further, we can measure more participates to increase the application of experiment results.Key word: ballistic movement, aging, hand-control movement, touch screen, accuracy, movement time

Abstract:

Thesis (M.F.A.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2005.
Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaf 71)

Abstract:

The concern of increasing energy consumption with depleting energy resources is ever growing. Though the solution to this problem lies in part in renewable energies, it is becoming increasingly clear that sustainable building design also plays a critical role. Controlling solar gain, for example, can greatly reduce the cooling energy consumption and lowering the peak cooling load. Having the ability to model these effects can have a substantial impact on the sizing of equipment and further reduce operational costs of a building. As a result, renewed interest has been invested by researchers and industry to promote the development and use of building simulation tools to aid in the design process. Efforts at the University of Waterloo’s Advanced Glazing Systems Laboratory have resulted in a set of shading device models, with emphasis on generality and computational efficiency, tailored for use in building simulation. These models have been validated with measurements at the component level and with measurements performed at the National Solar Test Facility (NSTF) on a full scale window system, giving confidence to model validity. Continued research has resulted in the integration of these shading device models into ESP-r via the Complex Fenestration Construction (CFC) module, capable of modelling multi-layer glazing and shading layer systems and greatly improving the value of ESP-r as a design tool.The objective of the current research was to implement shading device models for roller blinds, pleated drapes and insect screens to the CFC module. These would be in addition to the venetian blind model which had previously been established. A Monte-Carlo ray tracing analysis of pleated drape geometry and incident angle dependent fabric characteristics gave further confidence to the view factor or net reduction method used by the implemented models. On model implementation, a preliminary comparison was performed between a high-slat angle venetian blind, a roller drape and drapery fabric, all given the same material properties, with similar results. Further comparison was then performed using EnergyPlus shading device models to establish further confidence in the functionality of the models. Though there was some discrepancy between the results, primarily due to convective models, good agreement was found, and the effect of the shading device models on building performance was demonstrated.The successful implementation of roller blind, pleated drape and insect screen shading models to the CFC module in ESP-r has been demonstrated in the current research. It should also be noted that the convective models for indoor shading attachments is a worthwhile topic for further research, at which point it would then be beneficial to conduct further empirical validation on the ESP-r simulation.

Abstract:

Hematopoiesis is an intricately regulated homeostatic process that maintains all of the differentiated blood cell lineages. N-ethyl-N-nitrosurea (ENU) is a powerful mutagen that induces point mutations randomly in the genome. ENU was used in a dominant forward genetic screen to identify novel mutations in regulators of hematopoiesis and to create new mouse models of hematopoietic disease. The objectives of this thesis were to characterize two mutants that originated from the dominant screen (7192 and 7238) and to develop a pharmacologically sensitized screen that would detect a unique set of mutations undetectable in the dominant screen. The 7192 mutant from the ENU dominant screen presented with elevated microcytic red blood cells (RBC) and increased polychromasia. The causative mutation was identified as a nonsense mutation in Ank1 (Q895X) that coded for a truncated ANK1 protein. Ank17192 is a novel mouse model of hereditary spherocytosis (HS), a human disease that results from increased RBC fragility. We have demonstrated that Ank17192/+ mice model a mild HS and Ank17192/7192 mice model severe HS. The 7238 mutant from the dominant ENU screen was macrothrombocytic and carried a missense mutation in Myh9 (Q1443L). The Myh97238/7238 mice are viable and have a more severe phenotype of macrothrombocytopenia. Myh97238 is the first mouse model for Myh9 related disorders that accurately models the genetic origins and the systemic manifestations of the disorder. A pharmacologically sensitized screen using chemotherapeutic drugs was designed to induce stress hematopoiesis to detect mutations that alter cell cycle of hematopoietic progenitors or stress hematopoiesis. Analysis of both peripheral blood and progenitor recovery kinetics, determined that 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and phenylhydrazine were good candidates for a pharmacologically sensitized screen. 5FU was successfully incorporated into an ENU dominant screen, and 13 platelet recovery outliers were detected. From these outliers, three mutant lines were successfully established.

Abstract:

碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
機械工程系
99
Gamma nail and dynamic hip screw have been widely used in the treatment of proximal femoral fractures. However, these internal fixation devices may fail, including breaking and loosening of the lag screws, during the treatment and cause severe problems after an operation. To design these kinds of device the stability of the structure is very important. Therefore, the multi-objective optimization of lag screws has been studied in this research by considering two objective function, bending and pullout strength, which contradict each other.In this study, SolidWork 2008 and ANSYS Workbench 11 were used to create the 3D models and simulate the Finite Element Analysis which are based on clinical conditions. All of important parameters and ranges of each factor were designed from literature reviews and commercial devices, respectively. Taguchi method and L25 orthogonal array were used to represent full factorial experiment of 6 parameters with 5 levels and then the contribution of each design factor was calculated by using ANOVA. 25 data from L25 orthogonal array and 10 additional data were used to be learning set and testing set in Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for both objective functions. Then Genetic Algorithm (GA) was applied to obtain the multi-objective optimal design of the lag screws.The results of this study showed that the most important factors for bending strength was initial position of the conical angle (IP) and inner diameter (ID). For pullout strength, the inner diameter (ID), proximal root radius (PRR), and pitch (Pi) were the most important parameters. In the ANN models, Mean Absolute Error (MAE) in the learning and testing group of two objective functions were smaller than 5%. In the GA part, an optimum weight was 0.5 to 0.55. The optimal values were 0 mm for the IP, 3.3 mm for the ID, 0.22 mm for the PRR, 3.12 to 3.3 mm for the PI, 5° for Proximal Half Angle (PHA) and 0.17 to 0.2 mm for Thread Width (TW).From this study, ANN was an effective tool which could be used to predict the results of the Finite Element Models. The optimum lag screw had a high performance for both the bending and pullout strength, over than 90% of the high value.

Abstract:

Dam or full-mixed concrete is produced with large aggregates which implies the useof large specimens, heavy laboratory equipment and non-standard embedding monitoring devices. The wet-screened concrete, obtained from the full-mixed concrete by sieving the larger aggregates while the concrete is still fresh, is used to cast smaller specimens and embed standard monitoring devices.This thesis focuses on the prediction of the structural properties of dam concrete based on wet-screened concrete experimental results, analytical models and detailed particle models in which the mesostructure is represented.In order to study the effect of wet-screening, an in situ experimental setup and aseries of laboratory tests were carried out for both dam and wet-screened concretes. Three sets of creep cells were installed in a dam which allowed for the improvement of the experimental setup and the testing procedures, aiming to reduce costs, to facilitate the installation in situ and to increase the reliability of the results. The test results revealed the differences between the two types of concrete and the influence of the coarse aggregate on the deformability and strength properties.Different analytical models based on composite models, on the equivalent age method,on size effect and on the Abrams law were developed to describe the instantaneous and delayed behaviour of concrete using the composition data and to establish a practical relationship between dam and wet-screened concrete behaviour. Similarly, a numerical solution based on the discrete element method applied to particle models was developed to predict the behaviour of dam concrete. A new fast numerical procedure for long-term analysis taking into account the aging viscoelastic behaviour of cementitious material is proposed. Particle models are especially suited for modelling dam concrete since the coarse aggregate structure can be explicitly represented, allowing the study of stress distribution inside the specimen and the study of complex failure patterns both in tension and compression. For the two types of approaches, the obtained experimental results were used to calibrate the main parameters and to validate the analytical and numerical prediction models.The experimental results and the development of physically-based models highlightedthe particular properties of dam concrete, allowed for a significant contribution to theanalysis of concrete instantaneous and delayed behaviour and presented new approaches for the prediction of dam concrete behaviour based on the wet-screened properties.

Abstract:

碩士
南臺科技大學
資訊工程系
106
Machine vision is widely used in the Automated Optical Inspection (AOI) industry, where robots are used to replace the human eyes for observation, judgement and detection. In this thesis, we have developed a computer vision system to detect the defects of screw threads. We also compare the performance of two classification algorithms, i.e. the Support Vector Machine (SVM) and the Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN).The screw images acquired by the inspection system are first processed to enhance the image quality; then several image processing techniques such as gamma correction, adaptive thresholding and the connected component labeling are used to find out the defect candidate areas for further detection. For detecting the defects of the screws, we calculated both the average intensity and the average gradient values of each screw teeth as the input parameters for the training phase of the SVM. In addition, we apply the data augmentation method to extend the training set for CNN training. The classification matrix is employed to verify the detection performance.The experiment shows that the precision rate for SVM classification with average grey levels and average gradients as the training parameters are 84.1% and 91.0%, and the AUC (area under curve) is 0.875 and 0.918, respectively. The precision rate for CNN classification is 78.6%, and the AUC is 0.81. The precision rate of the hybrid method that combine the SVM (average gradient as the training parameter) and CNN classification is 91.8%, and the AUC is 0.953.

Abstract:

In general, this dissertation is concerned with modeling of mechanical behavior of protein molecules. In particular, we focus on coarse-grained models, which bridge the gap in time and length scale between the atomistic simulation and biological processes. The dissertation presents three independent studies involving such models. The first study is concerned with a rigorous coarse-graining method for dynamics of linear systems. In this method, as usual, the conformational space of the original atomistic system is divided into master and slave degrees of freedom. Under the assumption that the characteristic timescales of the masters are slower than those of the slaves, the method results in Langevin-type equations of motion governed by an effective potential of mean force. In addition, coarse-graining introduces hydrodynamic-like coupling among the masters as well as non-trivial inertial effects. Application of our method to the long-timescale part of the relaxation spectra of proteins shows that such dynamic coupling is essential for reproducing their relaxation rates and modes. The second study is concerned with calibration of elastic network models based on the so-called B-factors, obtained from x-ray crystallographic measurements. We show that a proper calibration procedure must account for rigid-body motion and constraints imposed by the crystalline environment on the protein. These fundamental aspects of protein dynamics in crystals are often ignored in currently used elastic network models, leading to potentially erroneous network parameters. We develop an elastic network model that properly takes rigid-body motion and crystalline constraints into account. This model reveals that B-factors are dominated by rigid-body motion rather than deformation, and therefore B-factors are poorly suited for identifying elastic properties of protein molecules. Furthermore, it turns out that B-factors for a benchmark set of three hundred and thirty protein molecules can be well approximated by assuming that the protein molecules are rigid. The third study is concerned with the polymer mediated interaction between two planar surfaces. In particular, we consider the case where a thin polymer layer bridges two parallel plates. We consider two models of monodisperse and polydisperse for the polymer layer and obtain an analytical expression for the force-distance relationship of the two plates.
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